• Guest post: The K-Shaped Churn

    Guest post: The K-Shaped Churn

    A special thanks to good friend and frequent guest poster smugdog for today’s post. It’s an interesting thought exercise for whales, minnows, and everyone in between – and a fresh perspective on the never-ending debate about sharing vs. gatekeeping.

    The K Shaped Churn: Why the Whales Are Diving Deeper and the Minnows Are Drying Up

    You might remember me from my last post about why turning an interested friend into a churning buddy often becomes more work than expected.

    Lately, I have been thinking about the other side. Maybe new people are not difficult to teach. Maybe this hobby has become difficult to learn.

    In economics, a K shaped recovery describes one group rising while another falls. That increasingly feels like modern churning. Established players are moving into private networks, while newer hobbyists face a wall of information that still does not contain the answers they need.

    The Easy Ramp Up Is Disappearing

    For a while, certain apps and low friction manufactured spend methods made the hobby accessible. A newer player could generate volume from home, learn the mechanics, and make mistakes without risking a frozen bank account or thousands of dollars in float.

    As those opportunities disappear, the beginner friendly middle is vanishing too.

    What remains is often traditional MS, with store visits, inconsistent cashiers, and uncertain liquidation. The alternative is complicated fintech and resale plays requiring capital, specialized knowledge, and a high tolerance for shutdowns.

    Neither is a welcoming place to start.

    The Upper Arm of the K

    The established heavy hitters are adapting.

    They push larger volumes through flexible products, payment portals, resale networks, and low margin opportunities. They have capital, trusted buyers, years of data, and enough experience to tell an inconvenience from a disaster.

    When one path closes, they usually have another.

    The Lower Arm of the K

    Then there is everyone else.

    It is easy to dismiss newer players as lazy, but many are doing what communities tell them to do. They pay for memberships, search chat logs, read old posts, and reconstruct methods from scattered hints.

    Then they ask a question and receive the hobby’s favorite response:

    “Do your own research.”

    “Search. 🥄”

    Sometimes that is fair. Nobody wants to explain basic bank rules every day.

    But that response can imply the necessary information is public when it often is not.

    Much of the hobby’s content is outdated, incomplete, deliberately vague, or written for people who already understand the context. A veteran reads three cryptic messages and identifies the product, risk, and likely exit.

    A newer player learns only that someone, somewhere, is making money.

    That is not a learning curve. It is an archaeological dig.

    The Gatekeeping Catch 22

    The obvious answer is that experienced players should share more.

    Unfortunately, public sharing often kills fragile opportunities. Profitable plays can survive quietly for months, then collapse within days of a detailed guide spreading widely.

    Veterans learned that public instructions create volume, volume attracts attention, and attention ends the play.

    So valuable information moves into small groups built on trust. From the inside, that is rational. From the outside, it feels impossible.

    There is also little incentive to share in many large communities. A genuinely useful discovery might earn a few stars, some internet hugs, and a brief roar of approval before disappearing into the chat history.

    Newer players are told to contribute value before gaining access to valuable information. But without useful information, it is hard to learn enough to contribute.

    You need trust to get information, but you need information to prove you can be trusted.

    A Better Middle Ground

    The answer is not to publish every sensitive play step by step.

    Communities can teach durable skills without exposing fragile methods. We can explain transaction coding, float, shutdown risk, recordkeeping, counterparty risk, and cautious testing. We can show what a useful data point looks like and keep beginner resources current.

    Smaller groups may also have more room to reward useful contributions instead of simply rewarding whoever makes the most noise. That model is not perfect, but giving contributors a share of the value they create is a better incentive than asking them to do the research for free and survive on applause.

    Most importantly, we can be honest.

    Sometimes the answer is not, “Research harder.”

    Sometimes it is, “The information is intentionally private because sharing it would probably kill the opportunity.”

    That may disappoint someone, but it is kinder than making them believe they failed to find a guide that never existed.

    Where do we go from here?

    The hobby is not dead, but it is becoming more unequal.

    The whales have capital, experience, trusted networks, and backup plans. The minnows are caught between public noise and a private world where useful details are withheld.

    Nobody is entitled to another person’s research or hard earned play. But a healthy hobby still needs an on ramp.

    The best communities may be the ones that protect fragile information, reward the people who uncover it, and still leave enough tracks for the next pride to follow.

    We do not have to hand every newcomer the keys to the boat. We can at least teach them how to swim, explain where the currents are dangerous, and stop pretending that “do your own research” is always a complete set of directions.

    -smugdog


  • So about that Mint release…

    So about that Mint release…

    It’s been awhile since we had cause for a good ‘ol fashioned Friday rant, but yesterday, the Mint gave us plenty to talk about. Since you’re reading this post, you’re likely aware that the U.S. Mint released three special edition coins shaped like the Liberty Bell yesterday. A 1oz silver at $750, a half-ounce gold at $10,050, and a 1oz gold at $19,600. 

    The Mint has been a vector in the MS world for virtually as long as MS has been around – the old heads can speak to the legendary $1 coin method (likely one of the few times that NPR wrote an article about MS).

    While that method is dead and gone (and would never last in this era of blogs and social media), the Mint remains a useful lever for MSers via these limited releases. There’s generally some level of premium being paid by buying groups, plus the ability to quickly meet SUBs, EC bonuses, or both. 

    Mint releases are always a little tricky because most of us aren’t coin collectors and we don’t know the market all that well. Buying groups can work with actual coin dealers to gauge end user demand, but it’s always subject to change once the release actually occurs. 

    There’s been plenty of drama over the years when things didn’t shake out as expected, and that even extends to MS via Olivia Rodrigo as this excellent 404 Media article covers (outside of them calling us nerds, of course). Just don’t ask PFS what happened with Travis Scott.

    Mint deals are even trickier now, because MSers aren’t the only arbitrageurs interested in an easy profit. The cook groups, sneaker botters and pack openers are on to the hustle now, and it being shared on DoC ensures that an even wider swathe of the hobby is keeping a tab on the release. 

    To come back to yesterday’s release, the release sizes were extremely small – 2,026 of each coin to commemorate the semiquincentennial. Demand was expected to be extremely high (especially for the relatively affordable silver variant) even though the retail prices were many multiples over spot, leading some to theorize that the Mint was baking the resale premium into the price. 

    As it got closer to release, pretty much all of the usual suspects posted listings that guaranteed some solid profit, and we were all queued up with our add to cart scripts ready to go. As expected, silver sold out virtually instantly, congrats to those of you who hit. The gold variants didn’t immediately sell – if I remember correctly, the 1oz one lasted 20 minutes or so. 

    The orderbooks for silver reflected the heavy demand that everyone expected, and those that hit (especially the cook group folks who scored a big haul, no I’m not jealous at all) had an extremely profitable day.

    The orderbooks for gold looked very different – the ask side filled up with MSers who were only looking to flip the coin, but the bid side (which had extremely low liquidity to begin with) dropped like a stone.

    It became evident fairly quickly that the end user demand for the gold variants was a miniscule fraction of what everyone expected, and the downstream impact was swift. Buying groups had their buyers pull out, so they had to ask their sellers to pull out, so a lot of us spent a lot of time listening to the awful Mint hold music. I hope everyone was kind to the poor CSRs who were also affected – shout out to Amber for making cancellation painless. 

    The fallout from this is a pretty big loss of trust across a lot of players. I’d imagine a lot of bridges were burned between coin buyers and buying groups, and I know firsthand that some bridges were burned between buying groups and MSers. 

    All I can say is that this could have been so much worse – while the Mint bungled the whole thing by selling at an insane price point, they at least offered a painless way out. 

    Depending on which group you chose to lock with, you were either compensated quite well for your time on the phone or compensated quite not well, but to me the major benefit from yesterday’s debacle is some good lessons to keep in mind for the next release:

    • Buying precious metals is not a form of risk-free MS – these are volatile assets and the true end user demand isn’t crystallized until you’ve already put money down
    • You have a lot of options in who to partner with for arbitrage, and difficult days like this make it easier to choose which one is right for you
    • On the flip side, while both the buyers and the Mint are businesses, the folks you had to talk to yesterday are people too. Whether it was a flustered CSR or someone staring down the barrel of losing their business overnight, basic human decency shouldn’t go out the window
    • The Mint makes it easy by allowing returns, but similar vendors don’t offer this. If this happens to you and things go pear shaped, don’t panic. This has happened before, and there is a simple way out if needed.

    The funny thing is that I originally planned for this post to be a quick hit about how much fun the buildup is to release time and finding out if you scored or not. That levity went out the window ten minutes post-release, the second that the (only?) buyer on the market knocked the 1oz below cost. At least I could keep the post image.

    One of my very first posts was about what MSers can learn from gamblers. I think it’s time for the next edition of that series – what MSers can learn from cook groups, because they were the true winners yesterday.

    It isn’t all sunshine, lollipops and rainbows in MS, and yesterday was a very good example of that. We can all take a deep breath and relax heading into the weekend knowing we came out relatively unscathed. 

    Most of us took a L this time, but there’s another release next week – until next time.

    Саламлӑ сӑмахсем!

    Pictured: the one 1oz buyer each time they lowered the bid and sent the ask plummeting


  • Ethics in MS

    Ethics in MS

    When I was in college, I took a throwaway course on ethics and ethical relativism one summer to avoid needing an extra semester for a double major. It actually ended up being my favorite class I took during all of my time in college, even though it was wildly unrelated to my majors. 

    The idea that people and cultures draw moral lines in radically different places is relevant to our community, too. There’s quite a gulf of opinions in between “opening a card issued by a Fortune 50 company for a sign up bonus is morally wrong” and “anything the compliance department fails to stop is implicitly permitted.”

    Much like another contentious topic in the community, I am not a professional, and I’m not giving you any advice. If you do want advice, just like the aforementioned topic, talk to a professional (in this case, a therapist). But let’s be real, plenty of ink is spilled arguing about these things, so it’s time to add another one to the pile. 

    As you all know, there is a think piece every six months or so from a big paper like the WSJ or NYT proclaiming that reward maximizers are being subsidized by people that carry balances and pay interest. It’s true that the US has a fairly “unique” system that both provides outsize value to savvy spenders and harshly penalizes many others. 

    I’m nowhere near educated enough on the subject to say if there’s any merit to the argument or not. But even if it doesn’t feel good to say, said financial system is going to carry on – the major banks have too much lobbying power, and it doesn’t feel like Durbin-Marshall has much of a chance. 

    On the flip side of it, you can make the opposite rationalization that it’s in everyone’s interest for you to extract as much value as possible from the big banks as a form of protest. I’m by no means a fan of the big banks, but I’ve always thought this was hard to rationalize. You’re not Robin Hood unless you’re donating your MS profits to charity (and not just for a metric ton of AA miles). 

    Banks aren’t the only institutions that we’re dealing with. A lot of our favorite platforms and levers are great for us, but maybe not the best for society as a whole. I love gambling as much as y’all do, but what we do is so wildly different compared to how the US at large is using Draftkings and Kalshi. 

    I think even the most hardened sweepers amongst us can agree that things are looking bleak when FanDuel is paying an unwitting Bryce Harper to make Cameo videos for somebody in a seven figure hole and George Santos found a way to out-George Santos himself by betting on his own SOTU appearance on Kalshi. 

    This isn’t to say not to take advantage of opportunities – I had just as much fun during the Super Bowl as you did. I’ll always take some free VC money. But I think it’s worth acknowledging that some of our profit centers are also companies we wouldn’t choose to support otherwise. It scares me when I’m around IRL friends who should not be gambling talking about how they want to start betting rainfall markets on Polymarket. 

    While we’re on the subject of VC money, it’s time to revisit an all-time MEAB article on discerning the cost center on the flip side of your MS profit. While the original post concerned the volume strategy based on who’s paying, it’s also interesting from an ethical perspective. 

    I think one thing that everybody reading this can agree on is that taking a collective nibble out of Amex’s mid-ten figure marketing budget or partaking in the VC-backed Pepperdome is taking a piece of the pie that would have just been spent on a bottle of Ace of Spades at a corporate retreat in St. Barths otherwise. 

    But what about when it’s the operating budget of a small credit union instead? The original big moral quandary I remember in the hobby was the guy on /r/churning who was gonna report everyone to the CEO of a credit union that he knew because somebody had shared bank bonus info in a thread. Nevermind the fact that the person saying that was, if I remember correctly, an active participant in plenty of other shenanigans. 

    How far is too far? That’s probably a question for ethical relativism and every churner you ask will have a different answer. I still chuckle thinking about people that think there is an issue opening a business card for an eBay reselling business. But there are also hypotheticals that make my eye twitch when I realize someone has probably tried them.

    Now that we’re back to the people in the community instead of the businesses, let’s tackle one more aspect of ethics in churning. 

    In a hobby where blind trust is really all you have to go on, acting in good faith is extremely important. Sometimes people get blinded by the amount of money involved (or the possibility of losing it) and convince themselves that it justifies treating another churner unfairly. As we discussed a couple weeks ago, you can burn your reputation extremely quickly. 

    Anyway, the point of this post wasn’t to be a bummer, and my long list of shutdowns can affirm that I’m far from a moral paragon. But I do think that being honest and realistic with yourself about what you’re ok with and what you’re not is useful for setting your own MS strategy and accepting the ones of others. 

    You’re not required to take every opportunity you get, and you probably shouldn’t. You’re also entitled to not take it to heart when a columnist is demonizing you for participating in a system. 

    Everybody will have a different line in the sand of what’s ok and what’s not in this hobby. It’s important for you to understand your line and be honest about the self-interest behind it. A lot of us wouldn’t consider ourselves gamblers or crypto dudes/dudettes, but our transaction logs beg to differ. 

    When I thought about what some of the philosophers I learned about in that class would think about this at a high level, they’d probably hate it. But hey, Kalshi didn’t exist in ancient Greece – who knows what Aristotle would have thought if he could have bet on rainfall.

    Εβίβα!

    Pictured: the cover of seminal vaporwave album Flower Shoppe by Macintosh Plus, and perhaps how the artwork’s subject, Helios, would feel about being able to bet on high temperatures in Rhodes that day. 


  • Friday fun: Time for some more NYT games

    Friday fun: Time for some more NYT games

    Friday means it’s time for something more fun than rants about getting shutdown. It’s been around six months since I made some puzzles, so why not do some today?

    The Wordle is fairly easy, the crossword is fairly easy, and the Connections is fairly diabolical. On the bright side, there are unlimited attempts unlike the real thing, so don’t worry about getting a lot of “one aways”.

    Good luck on the puzzles, and have a great weekend!

    B´a´n!


  • Separating loops where it makes sense: rationalization and opportunity cost

    Separating loops where it makes sense: rationalization and opportunity cost

    We spend a lot of time talking about loops in this hobby. Moving your money in a circle with some (hopefully) profitable intermediaries is basically…the whole thing. I think we sometimes manage to make some loops unnecessarily complicated while leaving too much risk hanging off others.

    Let’s do a little thought exercise.

    Example #1 – closed loop “free” miles vs separate miles + cash

    Let’s say you had the ability to put oodles and oodles of spend on a co-branded airline card to earn miles and status. You had a cost associated with that spend, but you had profitable ways to loop the money back into paying the card, and actually came out a handful of basis points ahead of your cost of spend. That’s awesome, free miles, right? Technically, yes. 

    But what if you had the ability to run the loops that made the overall play profitable independent of paying a cost to load? Sometimes, there’s synergy in running loops together. Other times, you’re better off running them separately. 

    If you can load the first loop with a low (or no) cost method and get your card balance up a different way (even if that is break even or at a minor cost) and run them independently of each other, you’ll likely be able to walk away with a mixture of miles + cashback that is more valuable. 

    In the end, the miles in the closed loop aren’t free at all – you’re paying for them in opportunity cost by not taking a step back and considering the other possibilities. 

    Time is money, and the best loop is the one you’ll actually run. But it’s always smart to think about alternative ways to reach the same goal if you have the time. MS is one of those things where we’re always thinking about scaling our spend up, but sometimes the best way forward is a focus on lowering costs. 

    Example #2 – multiple loops for multiple profits vs “closed” loop for safety

    Like I just said, the common focus in MS is more spend, more margin, more earnings. Many people, myself included, frequently advocate for taking every option available to you as long as it meets your personal sense of CPH.

    Sometimes, the opportunity cost of doing that is increasing your risk on another platform, especially on platforms that have a limited number of viable levers to pull. 

    For example, let’s imagine you have a fintech product per week that lets you load $10k per week. The usual suspects aren’t available, but you have one particular method that will earn you a modest but meaningful profit, especially in two player mode. 

    But you have the option of another use for this fintech – offramping funds from a different loop that does accept the usual suspects and therefore pays out higher. This offramping activity doesn’t earn anything on its own, but it makes the account behavior look a lot more normal.

    You could double dip and take both profits – I’d be lying if I said I hadn’t before. But you could make the choice to (somewhat) avoid looking like a very odd customer and leave money on the table to attempt to keep your more valuable avenue alive longer. 

    Of course, nothing lasts forever in MS, and the examples described above won’t either. There’s always a valid argument behind going as hard as possible. But it’s worth at least considering the risk being added to your profile at a more valuable target. 

    “Pigs get fat, hogs get slaughtered” is a common refrain in the hobby, and I like to think it’s comically fitting for the all you can eat buffets of the last few years. This situation is admittedly on a smaller scale, and a more fitting idiom is “have your cake and eat it too.” 

    Staying curious and thinking about ways to improve existing plays is always a smart move in the long run – platforms come and go, BINs come and go, MCCs and coding quirks come and go. Experimenting with existing things can often be just as valuable as finding something new. 

    චියර්ස්!

    Pictured: a pure hit of nostalgia for millennials, and where you used to be able to find many MSers right before Golden Hour


  • This old boat is taking water, won’t be long til it goes down

    I’ve been really busy with life lately, especially with the bold choice to adopt a third big dog. In the five seconds I had this weekend in between our new addition’s constant attempts to fit his sister’s entire head in his mouth, I ended up on reddit. 

    I don’t really get a ton of news from /r/churning and /r/awardtravel anymore, because there’s so many different platforms and half the time I can barely keep up with the group I’m an admin of. However, a post on /r/awardtravel stood out in my feed concerning leaving the hobby.

    There was a lot of interesting discussion on how things have ebbed and flowed in the game. Redemptions have changed. The tools for redemption have gotten wildly better. And for plenty of us, life circumstances have changed, too. 

    It was refreshing to see some usernames I recognized from back when I was on /r/churning 24/7 (but where in the world is ‘ol Pizzy these days?) A lot of them talked about scaling back the effort – at this point, it’s pretty easy to take an enviable amount of trips each year on a steady diet of ABPs and ABGs, even with only one player. 

    The most interesting part of the discussion centered around how many whales there were at the very top percentiles that are earning enough via churning that it makes sense to continue devoting significant time and effort.

    The initial premise was that the amount of effort required to go from a top 5% earner to a top 0.2% earner was extreme, with very little return until reaching that upper echelon. I agree with that premise for the most part – the path from SUBs making up 95% of your take to them being a rounding error on earnings is fraught with diminishing returns. 

    While there was disagreement on how many whales are actually hitting life-changing money, I think most of us here know the true answer to that one – more than a few of you reading this fit into that category. But it takes a lot of work to get to that point, and a lot of that work is exhausting. In 2026, it feels like there is a corresponding increase in mental strain accompanying an increase in profits.

    Hearing a CSR’s voice change when you ask about payment options and you realize somebody beat you to a target is exhausting. Filling out KYC questionnaires is exhausting. Playing through a large deposit with minimal variance one tiny Plinko wager at a time is exhausting. Constantly needing to use the threat to sic a toothless CFPB on a shady fintech is exhausting.

    I can say pretty confidently that I wouldn’t still be in this deep without the friends made along the way. While the constant chatter of Discord, Telegram, WhatsApp, Slack, etc. etc. is exhausting, those spaces are also the best places to find like-minded comrades. 

    Sometimes, it kind of feels like the group chats that NYC cabbies have – a monotonous day spent probing is better when you can shoot the shit with other people that get it. 

    I was lucky to get to chat with Matt from MEAB over a beer earlier this year and he asked me how long I was planning on writing the blog. The answer was the same as my answer for the hobby in general – as long as it’s still fun. 

    Seeing balances go brrrrr is unequivocally fun, in the same way that a lot of the admin work required to get to that point is unequivocally not fun. What’s the right balance between effort and return? I have no idea, and I’m not sure I’m close to figuring it out. 

    In that /r/awardtravel post (and in most churning communities) there’s a general sense that if you’re making a ton of money, you wouldn’t waste any time churning. But what if churning is the reason you’re making a lot of money? 

    If this post even has a thesis, it’s that it’s ok to feel a little burnt out on the hobby, even if you’re doing well. Both couch and street MS have taken some huge hits the last couple of months, and there’s more ambiguity than ever before. 

    The boat is still moving, but it’s hard to ignore that it’s taking water. As the eponymous Billy Strings tune put it, “had enough to push us over, time to turn the wheel around.”

    Aklamasion!

    Pictured: a group of fuelers and money transfer enthusiasts going down with the ship


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